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Course: Geographic, Occupational, and Sociodemographic Variations in Uptake of COVID-19 Booster Doses Among Fully Vaccinated US Adults, December 1, 2021, to January 10, 2022

CME Credits: 1.00

Released: 2022-08-19

Key Points

Question How has uptake of COVID-19 booster doses among fully vaccinated US adults varied by geographic location, occupation, and sociodemographic characteristics?
Findings In this cross-sectional survey study of 135,821 US adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the Household Pulse Survey from December 1, 2021, to January 10, 2022, less than half (48.5%) of individuals who had been fully vaccinated nationwide had received a booster dose. Marked variations were seen across geographic locations, occupation types, and other sociodemographic characteristics; boosted individuals were more likely than nonboosted individuals to be male, Asian, more educated and older, and to live in the Northeast and earn a high income, and work in hospitals.
Meaning These findings suggest that targeted efforts to increase booster vaccine coverage among subgroups with low uptake may benefit public health.

Abstract

Importance COVID-19 booster vaccine can strengthen waning immunity and widen the range of immunity against new variants.
Objective To describe geographic, occupational, and sociodemographic variations in uptake of COVID-19 booster doses among fully vaccinated US adults.
Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional survey study used data from the Household Pulse Survey conducted from December 1, 2021, to January 10, 2022. Household Pulse Survey is an online, probability-based survey conducted by the US Census Bureau and is designed to yield estimates nationally, by state, and across selected metropolitan areas.
Main Outcomes and Measures Receipt of a booster dose was defined as taking 2 or more doses of COVID-19 vaccines with the first one being the Johnson and Johnson (Janssen) vaccine, or taking 3 or more doses of any of the other COVID-19 vaccines. Weighted prevalence estimates (percentages) were computed overall and among subgroups. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were calculated in a multivariable Poisson regression model to explore correlates of receiving a booster dose among those fully vaccinated.
Results A total of 135,821 adults completed the survey. Overall, 51.0% were female and 41.5% were aged 18 to 44 years (mean [SD] age, 48.07 [17.18] years). Of fully vaccinated adults, the percentage who reported being boosted was 48.5% (state-specific range, from 39.1% in Mississippi to 66.5% in Vermont). Nationally, the proportion of boosted adults was highest among non-Hispanic Asian individuals (54.1%); those aged 65 years or older (71.4%); those with a doctoral, professional, or master’s degree (68.1%); those who were married with no children in the household (61.2%); those with annual household income of $200,000 or higher (69.3%); those enrolled in Medicare (70.9%); and those working in hospitals (60.5%) or in deathcare facilities (eg, funeral homes; 60.5%). Conversely, only one-third of those who ever received a diagnosis of COVID-19, were enrolled in Medicaid, working in pharmacies, with?less than a?high school education, and aged 18 to 24 years old were boosted. Multivariable analysis of pooled national data revealed that compared with those who did not work outside their home, the likelihood of being boosted was higher among adults working in hospitals (APR, 1.23; 95% CI,-1.17-1.30), ambulatory health care centers (APR,-1.16; 95% CI,-1.09-1.24), and social service settings (APR,-1.08; 95% CI,-1.01-1.15), whereas lower likelihood was seen among those working in food or beverage stores (APR,-0.85; 95% CI,-0.74-0.96) and the agriculture, forestry, fishing, or hunting industries (APR,-0.83; 95% CI,-0.72-0.97).
Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest continuing disparities in receipt of booster vaccine doses among US adults. Targeted efforts at populations with low uptake may be needed to improve booster vaccine coverage in the US.


Educational Objective
To identify the key insights or developments described in this article


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