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Course: Association Between COVID-19 Diagnosis and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

CME Credits: 1.00

Released: 2021-10-29

Key Points

Question In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), is a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 associated with differences in clinical outcome?
Findings In this retrospective cohort study that included 80,449 patients, the rates of in-hospital mortality for patients with vs without a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 were 15.2% vs 11.2% among those with out-of-hospital STEMI and 78.5% vs 46.1% among those with in-hospital STEMI; both differences were statistically significant.
Meaning Among patients with STEMI, a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality.

Abstract

Importance There has been limited research on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and COVID-19.
Objective To compare characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients with STEMI with vs without COVID-19 infection.
Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients admitted between January 2019 and December 2020 (end of follow-up in January 2021) with out-of-hospital or in-hospital STEMI at 509 US centers in the Vizient Clinical Database (N?=-80,449).
Exposures Active COVID-19 infection present during the same encounter.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Patients were propensity matched on the likelihood of COVID-19 diagnosis. In the main analysis, patients with COVID-19 were compared with those without COVID-19 during the previous calendar year.
Results The out-of-hospital STEMI group included 76,434 patients (551 with COVID-19 vs 2755 without COVID-19 after matching) from 370 centers (64.1% aged 51-74 years; 70.3% men). The in-hospital STEMI group included 4015 patients (252 with COVID-19 vs 756 without COVID-19 after matching) from 353 centers (58.3% aged 51-74 years; 60.7% men). In patients with out-of-hospital STEMI, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention by COVID-19 status; patients with in-hospital STEMI and COVID-19 were significantly less likely to undergo invasive diagnostic or therapeutic coronary procedures than those without COVID-19. Among patients with out-of-hospital STEMI and COVID-19 vs out-of-hospital STEMI without COVID-19, the rates of in-hospital mortality were 15.2% vs 11.2% (absolute difference, 4.1% [95% CI, 1.1%-7.0%]; P?=?.007). Among patients with in-hospital STEMI and COVID-19 vs in-hospital STEMI without COVID-19, the rates of in-hospital mortality were 78.5% vs 46.1% (absolute difference, 32.4% [95% CI, 29.0%-35.9%]; P?<?.001).
Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with out-of-hospital or in-hospital STEMI, a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality compared with patients without a diagnosis of COVID-19 from the past year. Further research is required to understand the potential mechanisms underlying this association.


Educational Objective
To identify the key insights or developments described in this article


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