Research Article: Association between preoperative anxiety and ciprofol requirements in women undergoing surgical abortion: a prospective observational study
Abstract:
To investigate the association between preoperative anxiety level and ciprofol consumption in patients undergoing surgical abortion.
A total of 144 patients scheduled for surgical abortion were enrolled and completed both the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Anesthesia was induced with 5??g/kg alfentanil and 0.3?mg/kg ciprofol. Additional ciprofol (0.1?mg/kg each) was administered as needed to maintain adequate anesthetic depth. The primary outcomes were the total ciprofol dose and State Anxiety (S-STAI) score. Secondary outcomes included the Trait Anxiety (T-STAI) and SAS scores, induction time, awakening time, baseline hemodynamic profiles, and the incidence of adverse events.
Preoperative anxiety levels (S-STAI) were weakly and positively associated with total ciprofol dose ( r s =?0.216, 95% CI [0.049, 0.371], p =?0.009), induction time ( r s =?0.312, 95%CI [0.1521, 0.4567] , p <?0.001), baseline heart rate (HR) ( r s =?0.321, 95% CI [0.1611, 0.4640], p <?0.001), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) ( r s =?0.213, 95% CI [0.04579, 0.3676], p =?0.011). No significant association was observed between preoperative anxiety and awakening time ( r s =??0.156, 95% CI [?0.3163, 0.01239], p =?0.062). Furthermore, after multivariate linear regression analysis considering confounding factors, preoperative anxiety remained a statistically significant, though modest, independent variable associated with total ciprofol dose (??=?0.187, 95% CI [0.089, 0.285]). Subgroup analysis showed a significant overall difference in total ciprofol dose ( p =?0.032) and baseline MAP ( p =?0.044) across anxiety groups, although pairwise comparisons were not statistically significant. Baseline HR was higher in both moderate and severe anxiety groups, while induction time was longer only in the moderate-anxiety group, compared with the mild-anxiety group. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly among the groups (all p >?0.05).
Preoperative anxiety showed a modest association with ciprofol requirements and induction time. These results indicate that anxiety may be a relevant factor to consider during sedation management for surgical abortion.
ChiCTR2500108366 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, www.chictr.org.cn ).
Introduction:
Surgical abortion broadly refers to procedural methods for terminating unintended pregnancies. In this study, the term specifically refers to first-trimester vacuum aspiration, the standard technique recommended for pregnancies up to 14?weeks ( 1 ). Globally, between 2015 and 2019, there were approximately 121 million unintended pregnancies annually, with about 61% (roughly 73 million) ending in abortion ( 2 ). In China, about 9.8 million women undergo abortion annually ( 3 ). Despite improvements in abortion…
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