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Research Article: Synergistic therapy for osteoporosis: a soybean osteogenic peptide-loaded fish gelatin/?-carrageenan gel for enhanced bone regeneration

Date Published: 2025-12-18

Abstract:
Osteoporosis is a widespread skeletal disorder associated with reduced bone formation and increased fracture risk. Peptide-based therapeutics offer demonstrate anabolic potential for osteoporosis management but are limited by instability and rapid clearance. In this study, a dual-network hydrogel composed of fish gelatin (FG) and ?-carrageenan (?-CG) was developed as a biocompatible carrier for a soybean-derived osteogenic peptide (SOP). The FG/?-CG system exhibited provided mechanical integrity, hydration balance, and thermal stability, thereby enabling sustained peptide protection and controlled release. In a glucocorticoid-induced zebrafish osteoporosis model, oral administration of the SOP-loaded gel effectively restored bone mineralization to a level comparable with alendronate treatment. These findings suggest that the FG/?-CG-SOP hydrogel provides a stable and bioactive platform for osteogenic peptide delivery and represents a promising nutritional or therapeutic approach for osteoporosis management.

Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass, structural deterioration, and increased fracture susceptibility ( 1–3 ). Its pathogenesis mainly arises results from an imbalance between bone resorption and formation ( 4 ). Current therapeutic strategies, including bisphosphonates, hormone therapy, and monoclonal antibodies, can slow bone loss to some degree; however, their long-term efficacy is limited undermined by adverse side effects and considerable variability in patient…

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