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Research Article: Utility of Tei Index, carotid IMT, and crouse score in coronary artery calcification assessment and MACCE prediction in elderly patients

Date Published: 2026-05-21

Abstract:
Current study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of integrating myocardial performance index (Tei index), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and Crouse plaque score in coronary artery calcification (CAC) severity and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) recurrence among elderly coronary heart disease (CHD) patients A retrospective study included 98 elderly CHD patients (2019–2022) from South Taihu Hospital. Coronary artery calcification score (CACS) was assessed, with severe calcification defined as single-vessel CACS???100. Participants were stratified into severe calcification ( n =?45) and control (CACS?<?100, n =?53) groups. Baseline characteristics, Tei index, IMT, and Crouse score were compared. Multivariate logistic regression identified CAC risk factors. Spearman analysis assessed correlations between CACS and biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated combined diagnostic performance. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis predicted MACCE recurrence using optimal thresholds from ROC. The severe calcification group exhibited elevated Tei index [0.58 (0.51, 0.72) vs. 0.44 (0.35, 0.52)], IMT [1.11 (0.89, 1.26) mm vs. 0.72 (0.62, 0.80) mm], and Crouse score [1.83 (1.04, 2.56) vs. 0.90 (0.77, 1.09)] compared to controls (all p <?0.001). These parameters independently predicted severe CAC (OR?=?2.634–73.061, p <?0.05) and correlated positively with number of stenosed coronary vessel ( r =?0.429–0.453, p <?0.01). Combined ROC analysis demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC?=?0.831, 95% CI:0.740–0.923) vs. individual biomarkers (AUC?=?0.778–0.792). High Tei index (?0.50), IMT (?0.86?mm), and Crouse score (?1.21) predicted increased MACCE risk (log-rank p <?0.001). The synergistic application of Tei index, carotid IMT, and Crouse score enhances CAC diagnosis precision and stratifies MACCE recurrence risk in elderly CHD patients, offering a noninvasive strategy for postoperative risk management.

Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a major global health burden, associated with high mortality and morbidity rates ( 1 ). Among them, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent ( 2 ). With the rapid aging of the global population, CHD has emerged as a pressing health concern ( 3 ). According to a 2022 statistical study, China harbors 330 million individuals with CVD, including 11.39 million with CHD ( 4 ). Notably, CHD predominantly affects the elderly, underscoring the importance of early identification…

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