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Draft a comprehensive differential diagnosis for acute substernal chest pain in a 45-year-old male with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, diaphoresis, exertional onset, and normal initial ECG/troponin; include life-threatening causes first, key distinguishing features, and immediate diagnostic next steps.

Draft a detailed differential diagnosis for new-onset unilateral throbbing headache with visual aura and brief monocular vision loss in a 32-year-old female on oral contraceptives; include red-flag symptoms, stroke/TIA considerations, and recommended initial workup.

Draft an assessment and plan for stage-2 hypertension (BP 162/98) in an obese 52-year-old with suspected obstructive sleep apnea; include ASCVD risk estimate, lifestyle prescriptions, first-line pharmacotherapy with drug/dose/targets, baseline labs/monitoring, and 4–6 week follow-up.

Draft an assessment and plan for type 2 diabetes follow-up with A1c 9.2% on metformin 1,000 mg BID and eGFR 65; compare adding a GLP-1 receptor agonist vs an SGLT2 inhibitor, address weight loss goals, hypoglycemia education, vaccinations, and micro/macrovascular screening.

Draft a history and physical for a patient presenting with chest pain, including HPI using OLDCARTS, pertinent ROS, PMH/meds/allergies, FH/SH, focused cardiac/pulmonary exam, initial labs and imaging orders, prioritized differential, HEART score risk stratification, and early management.

Draft a history and physical for a new patient with progressive exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and bilateral leg edema; include differential (heart failure, COPD, PE, anemia, renal disease), targeted exam maneuvers, and first-line diagnostics and management.

Draft a progress note for COPD follow-up two weeks after an acute exacerbation treated with prednisone and antibiotics; include symptom trajectory, CAT score (if available), inhaler technique/adherence, oxygen needs, spirometry plan, smoking cessation counseling, and return precautions.

Draft a progress note for post-operative day 2 after total knee arthroplasty; include pain control strategy, DVT prophylaxis, PT/OT milestones, wound status, bowel/urinary function, labs/vitals review, complications screening, and discharge readiness.

Draft a discharge summary for community-acquired pneumonia admission; include admission/discharge dates, presenting symptoms, radiology/labs, pathogen if identified, inpatient therapies and response, discharge medications with durations, pending tests, follow-up appointments, and return precautions.

Draft a discharge summary for myocardial infarction managed with PCI and drug-eluting stent placement; include cath findings, complications, inpatient course, discharge medications (DAPT, statin, beta-blocker, ACEi/ARB), cardiac rehab referral, and follow-up plan.

Draft discharge instructions for a patient hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure; include daily weights, sodium and fluid restriction amounts, medication list with dosing, signs of worsening heart failure, follow-up appointments, and lab monitoring plan.

Draft discharge instructions for an asthma exacerbation; include controller and reliever regimen, steroid taper schedule, spacer technique, trigger avoidance, a written asthma action plan, return precautions, and follow-up timing.

Draft a patient handout on managing high blood pressure in plain language; explain what BP numbers mean, key lifestyle steps (DASH diet, sodium limits, alcohol moderation), home BP monitoring instructions, medication adherence tips, and when to call the doctor.

Draft a patient handout for type 2 diabetes education in plain language; cover A1c goals, the plate method, physical activity targets, self-monitoring of blood glucose, hypoglycemia signs and the 15-15 rule, foot care basics, and a vaccination checklist.

Draft a summary of the latest CDC and WHO guidelines for managing community-acquired pneumonia in adults, including empiric antibiotic choices, duration of therapy, and follow-up recommendations.

Draft a plain-language overview of the ADA and AACE guidelines for diabetes management, focusing on A1c goals, weight management, and the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Draft a summary of the 2024 USPSTF breast cancer screening recommendations, including updated screening intervals, risk-based approaches, and the role of MRI for high-risk patients.

Draft a concise summary of NCCN guidelines for melanoma management, including staging, surgical margins, adjuvant therapy, and checkpoint inhibitor recommendations.

Draft treatment alternatives for community-acquired MRSA skin infections in patients allergic to sulfa drugs; include oral and IV options, dosing, and duration.

Draft treatment alternatives for patients with type 2 diabetes who are unable to tolerate GLP-1 receptor agonists due to nausea; include medication substitutions and lifestyle recommendations.

Draft a summary of options for treating refractory depression, comparing ketamine infusions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Draft treatment options for advanced prostate cancer, including hormonal therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, and novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitors.

Draft a summary of recent research on mRNA vaccine technology beyond COVID-19, including applications in oncology and autoimmune disease prevention.

Draft an easy-to-understand overview of long COVID research, summarizing major symptoms, hypothesized mechanisms, and emerging treatment approaches.

Draft a summary of current research on Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, including amyloid and tau imaging, and discuss how they influence diagnosis and trial design.

Draft an explanation of the interaction between warfarin and antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or TMP-SMX, including INR effects and management recommendations.

Draft a summary evaluating drug interactions for patients taking Paxlovid and common cardiovascular drugs; include mechanism and recommended dose adjustments.

Draft a summary of the common and serious side effects of semaglutide, including GI intolerance, gallbladder disease, and thyroid-related warnings.

Draft an overview of potential side effects associated with long-term corticosteroid use, including osteoporosis, glucose intolerance, and adrenal suppression.

Draft a summary of essential lab tests to order in suspected acute pancreatitis, including amylase, lipase, liver enzymes, and metabolic panels, with interpretation guidance.

Draft laboratory workup recommendations for suspected hypothyroidism, including TSH, free T4, thyroid antibodies, and when to consider secondary causes.

Draft an explanation of which labs should be monitored in patients receiving methotrexate therapy, including CBC, LFTs, renal function, and frequency of monitoring.

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Research Article: Prenatal diagnosis and outcomes of fetal cardiac tumors: a 10-year single-center study of 81 cases

Date Published: 2026-08-13

Abstract:
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the prenatal phenotype, genetic basis, and postnatal trajectory of a large cohort of fetuses with fetal cardiac tumors (FCTs). This retrospective study included 81 fetuses diagnosed with FCTs at our center between 2014 and 2024. We reviewed prenatal ultrasound and MRI findings, genetic testing results, and postnatal follow-up data, extending to a minimum follow-up period of 1?year. Tumor characteristics, complications, and predictors of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and adverse outcomes were analyzed. Among the 81 cases FCTs, cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) was the most common tumor (66 cases, 81.5%), followed by fibroma ( n =?5, 6.2%), myxoma ( n =?3, 3.7%), hemangioma ( n =?1, 1.2%), teratoma ( n =?1, 1.2%), and unclassified tumors ( n =?5, 6.2%). Complications occurred in 30.9% of cases and were associated with tumor volume and location rather than tumor multiplicity. TSC was identified in 70.0% (42/60) of fetuses with CR. Tumor multiplicity was significantly associated with TSC (78.7% for multiple vs. 38.5% for solitary lesions, p =?0.013), whereas maximum tumor volume did not differ significantly between TSC-associated and isolated CR ( p =?0.646). Cranial MRI increased prenatal TSC detection by 23% compared with ultrasound alone (69.2% vs. 46.2%). Among the 48 live-born infants (live birth rate 59.3%), 22 cases showed tumor regression or disappearance during follow-up, all of which were CRs. One case each of CR, fibroma, and an unclassified tumor showed gradual enlargement postnatally. Six cases underwent surgical resection, and the remaining tumors remained stable. Among children with TSC, 72.7% (16/22) developed epilepsy, and 36.4% (8/22) had neurodevelopmental disorders, whereas all TSC-negative children had normal neurodevelopment. Tumor multiplicity, rather than size, was more strongly associated with TSC in fetal CR. Ultrasound combined with MRI improved the prenatal detection rate of fetal TSC. In the absence of hemodynamic compromise and TSC, FCTs had a favorable prognosis. These findings support a management algorithm based on tumor type, multiplicity, tumor size/location, and genetic testing.

Introduction:
Fetal cardiac tumors (FCTs) are a group of rare congenital abnormalities with a variable prognosis, with an estimated prevalence of 0.024–0.25% ( 1 , 2 ). Histologically diverse, CR is the most common type, accounting for 60–90% of cases, followed by teratoma, fibroma, hemangioma, and myxoma ( 2 ). Although the majority of FCTs are benign with generally favorable tumor-related outcomes ( 3 ), some tumors can cause serious complications, including valve regurgitation, outflow tract obstruction, arrhythmias, heart…

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