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Draft a comprehensive differential diagnosis for acute substernal chest pain in a 45-year-old male with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, diaphoresis, exertional onset, and normal initial ECG/troponin; include life-threatening causes first, key distinguishing features, and immediate diagnostic next steps.

Draft a detailed differential diagnosis for new-onset unilateral throbbing headache with visual aura and brief monocular vision loss in a 32-year-old female on oral contraceptives; include red-flag symptoms, stroke/TIA considerations, and recommended initial workup.

Draft an assessment and plan for stage-2 hypertension (BP 162/98) in an obese 52-year-old with suspected obstructive sleep apnea; include ASCVD risk estimate, lifestyle prescriptions, first-line pharmacotherapy with drug/dose/targets, baseline labs/monitoring, and 4–6 week follow-up.

Draft an assessment and plan for type 2 diabetes follow-up with A1c 9.2% on metformin 1,000 mg BID and eGFR 65; compare adding a GLP-1 receptor agonist vs an SGLT2 inhibitor, address weight loss goals, hypoglycemia education, vaccinations, and micro/macrovascular screening.

Draft a history and physical for a patient presenting with chest pain, including HPI using OLDCARTS, pertinent ROS, PMH/meds/allergies, FH/SH, focused cardiac/pulmonary exam, initial labs and imaging orders, prioritized differential, HEART score risk stratification, and early management.

Draft a history and physical for a new patient with progressive exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and bilateral leg edema; include differential (heart failure, COPD, PE, anemia, renal disease), targeted exam maneuvers, and first-line diagnostics and management.

Draft a progress note for COPD follow-up two weeks after an acute exacerbation treated with prednisone and antibiotics; include symptom trajectory, CAT score (if available), inhaler technique/adherence, oxygen needs, spirometry plan, smoking cessation counseling, and return precautions.

Draft a progress note for post-operative day 2 after total knee arthroplasty; include pain control strategy, DVT prophylaxis, PT/OT milestones, wound status, bowel/urinary function, labs/vitals review, complications screening, and discharge readiness.

Draft a discharge summary for community-acquired pneumonia admission; include admission/discharge dates, presenting symptoms, radiology/labs, pathogen if identified, inpatient therapies and response, discharge medications with durations, pending tests, follow-up appointments, and return precautions.

Draft a discharge summary for myocardial infarction managed with PCI and drug-eluting stent placement; include cath findings, complications, inpatient course, discharge medications (DAPT, statin, beta-blocker, ACEi/ARB), cardiac rehab referral, and follow-up plan.

Draft discharge instructions for a patient hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure; include daily weights, sodium and fluid restriction amounts, medication list with dosing, signs of worsening heart failure, follow-up appointments, and lab monitoring plan.

Draft discharge instructions for an asthma exacerbation; include controller and reliever regimen, steroid taper schedule, spacer technique, trigger avoidance, a written asthma action plan, return precautions, and follow-up timing.

Draft a patient handout on managing high blood pressure in plain language; explain what BP numbers mean, key lifestyle steps (DASH diet, sodium limits, alcohol moderation), home BP monitoring instructions, medication adherence tips, and when to call the doctor.

Draft a patient handout for type 2 diabetes education in plain language; cover A1c goals, the plate method, physical activity targets, self-monitoring of blood glucose, hypoglycemia signs and the 15-15 rule, foot care basics, and a vaccination checklist.

Draft a summary of the latest CDC and WHO guidelines for managing community-acquired pneumonia in adults, including empiric antibiotic choices, duration of therapy, and follow-up recommendations.

Draft a plain-language overview of the ADA and AACE guidelines for diabetes management, focusing on A1c goals, weight management, and the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Draft a summary of the 2024 USPSTF breast cancer screening recommendations, including updated screening intervals, risk-based approaches, and the role of MRI for high-risk patients.

Draft a concise summary of NCCN guidelines for melanoma management, including staging, surgical margins, adjuvant therapy, and checkpoint inhibitor recommendations.

Draft treatment alternatives for community-acquired MRSA skin infections in patients allergic to sulfa drugs; include oral and IV options, dosing, and duration.

Draft treatment alternatives for patients with type 2 diabetes who are unable to tolerate GLP-1 receptor agonists due to nausea; include medication substitutions and lifestyle recommendations.

Draft a summary of options for treating refractory depression, comparing ketamine infusions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Draft treatment options for advanced prostate cancer, including hormonal therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, and novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitors.

Draft a summary of recent research on mRNA vaccine technology beyond COVID-19, including applications in oncology and autoimmune disease prevention.

Draft an easy-to-understand overview of long COVID research, summarizing major symptoms, hypothesized mechanisms, and emerging treatment approaches.

Draft a summary of current research on Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, including amyloid and tau imaging, and discuss how they influence diagnosis and trial design.

Draft an explanation of the interaction between warfarin and antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or TMP-SMX, including INR effects and management recommendations.

Draft a summary evaluating drug interactions for patients taking Paxlovid and common cardiovascular drugs; include mechanism and recommended dose adjustments.

Draft a summary of the common and serious side effects of semaglutide, including GI intolerance, gallbladder disease, and thyroid-related warnings.

Draft an overview of potential side effects associated with long-term corticosteroid use, including osteoporosis, glucose intolerance, and adrenal suppression.

Draft a summary of essential lab tests to order in suspected acute pancreatitis, including amylase, lipase, liver enzymes, and metabolic panels, with interpretation guidance.

Draft laboratory workup recommendations for suspected hypothyroidism, including TSH, free T4, thyroid antibodies, and when to consider secondary causes.

Draft an explanation of which labs should be monitored in patients receiving methotrexate therapy, including CBC, LFTs, renal function, and frequency of monitoring.

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Research Article: Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and respiratory outcomes at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study

Date Published: 2026-07-30

Abstract:
To examine whether bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity is associated with pulmonary function abnormalities and asthma diagnosis risk at 3 years of age, and to support risk-stratified respiratory follow-up in children with BPD. This prospective cohort study included 68 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of The First People's Hospital of Yongkang between January 2022 and December 2022. In the study protocol, BPD was operationally defined at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age as persistent supplemental oxygen requirement [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)?>?0.21] to maintain target oxygen saturation of 90%–95%, together with persistent pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities on chest imaging. Severity was then categorized using a prespecified support- and oxygen-based clinical scheme informed by, but not identical to, the 2018 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) workshop framework. Participants were followed until 3 years of age, when conventional spirometry and guideline-based clinical asthma assessment were performed. The associations of modified BPD grade with pulmonary function indices, asthma diagnosis, and asthma clinical risk categories were analyzed. Among the 68 infants with BPD, 29 (42.6%) had grade I BPD, 23 (33.8%) had grade II BPD, and 16 (23.5%) had grade III BPD. Sixty children completed both pulmonary function testing and asthma assessment at 3 years of age, yielding a follow-up rate of 88.2%. Percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1?s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) were significantly lower in the grade III BPD group than in the grade I and grade II groups (all P <?0.01). The asthma diagnosis rate was significantly higher in the grade III group (46.7%) than in the grade I (8.0%) and grade II (20.0%) groups (chi-square?=?8.156, P =?0.017). In an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model, grade III BPD [odds ratio [OR], 5.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89–17.31; P =?0.002] and birth weight <1,000?g (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.12–10.68; P =?0.031) were associated with asthma diagnosis at 3 years of age. Neonatal BPD severity was associated with the degree of pulmonary function impairment and with asthma diagnosis risk at 3 years of age. Children with grade III BPD had poorer long-term respiratory outcomes and should be considered a higher-risk group requiring structured longitudinal respiratory follow-up. Because this was a selected survivor cohort with structured follow-up, and because asthma diagnosis in preschool children with BPD can overlap with post-prematurity airway disease, these findings should be interpreted as risk-marker associations rather than causal evidence.

Introduction:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory complications of preterm birth. Contemporary BPD is characterized by arrested alveolarization, dysregulated pulmonary microvascular development, and persistent impairment of lung growth and airway function ( 1 – 4 ). Advances in perinatal and neonatal intensive care have substantially improved the survival of very-low-birth-weight and extremely-low-birth-weight infants; however, BPD remains a major source of morbidity among extremely…

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