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Research Article: From awareness to action: a comparative study of family medical history and preventive health behaviors in Saudi Arabia and Syria

Date Published: 2026-07-01

Abstract:
Family medical history (FMH) is a practical and cost-effective tool for identifying individuals at increased risk of genetic and chronic diseases. However, its effective utilization depends on awareness, attitudes, and the translation of these factors into health-related practices and preventive behaviors, which may vary across populations. To assess and compare FMH awareness, attitudes, health-related practices, and preventive behaviors among adults in Saudi Arabia and Syria. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire distributed via digital platforms. A total of 586 participants (Saudi Arabia: 307; Syria: 279) were included. Four domains were evaluated: awareness, attitudes, health-related practices, and preventive behaviors. Outcomes were classified as favorable using Bloom’s cut-off (?60%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Favorable levels were observed in 53.4% for awareness, 74.2% for attitudes, 48.5% for health-related practices, and 44.0% for preventive behaviors. Although a majority of participants demonstrated awareness of FMH and positive attitudes toward genetic screening, engagement in preventive actions was limited. Only 45.2% had undergone medical testing and 45.1% reported lifestyle modifications based on familial risk. A pronounced intention–behavior gap was identified, with 74.2% expressing willingness to undergo screening but substantially fewer reporting actual engagement. Participants from Saudi Arabia exhibited significantly higher levels of preventive practices compared to those from Syria ( p <?0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age, gender, education level, and country of residence as significant predictors of preventive behaviors. Despite moderate awareness and favorable attitudes, engagement in preventive practices remains suboptimal, indicating a clear gap between intention and action. These findings highlight the need for context-specific, multi-level strategies that address both behavioral and structural barriers to improve the effective use of FMH in preventive healthcare.

Introduction:
Family medical history (FMH) is a practical and cost-effective tool for identifying individuals at increased risk of genetic and chronic diseases. However, its effective utilization depends on awareness, attitudes, and the translation of these factors into health-related practices and preventive behaviors, which may vary across populations.

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