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Research Article: Patient satisfaction with postoperative analgesia after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a retrospective analysis

Date Published: 2026-07-28

Abstract:
Patient satisfaction is a key metric for evaluating healthcare quality. Patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery frequently experience severe postoperative pain, necessitating patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). This study aimed to identify factors associated with reduced satisfaction regarding PCIA in this context. A retrospective observational study analyzed data from adults receiving PCIA after elective hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, employing a forced-entry method to adjust for a comprehensive panel of clinically relevant confounders [including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, surgical trauma category, surgical approach, malignancy, and major postoperative complications], were used to examine associations between satisfaction and demographics, surgical details, analgesic regimens, postoperative pain (NRS), and adverse effects. Among 1,667 patients, 108 (6.5%) were dissatisfied. Multivariable analysis identified moderate-to-severe pain (NRS?>?3; aOR?=?14.93, 95%CI: 9.52–26.32) and hyperhidrosis (aOR?=?6.29, 95% CI: 3.05–13.89) as strong independent predictors of dissatisfaction (both P <?0.001). A significant interaction was found between dezocine and pain severity ( P <?0.001). Among patients with NRS?>?3, dezocine was associated with significantly lower odds of dissatisfaction (aOR?=?0.18, 95% CI: 0.06–0.55), corresponding to an ?87% reduction, whereas no significant benefit was observed in those with mild pain (aOR?=?1.22, 95% CI: 0.33–4.68, P =?0.771). Hyperhidrosis was independently associated with rescue analgesia (OR?=?8.82, P =?0.016). Dissatisfaction is driven by moderate-to-severe pain and hyperhidrosis. The benefit of dezocine is context-dependent. Optimizing satisfaction requires managing pain, autonomic side effects, and personalized analgesic selection.

Introduction:
Patient satisfaction is a cornerstone metric in modern healthcare quality assessment, directly reflecting the perceived value of care and influencing clinical outcomes, patient loyalty, and institutional reputation. As such, it serves as a robust proxy for evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare delivery systems ( 1 – 3 ). Surgical interventions, while therapeutic, often inflict significant tissue trauma leading to severe postoperative pain. Inadequately managed pain is a well-documented catalyst for…

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