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Research Article: Maresin-1 and maresin-2 as synovial fluid biomarkers in psoriatic, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis

Date Published: 2026-07-14

Abstract:
To investigate synovial fluid levels of maresin-1 (MaR-1) and maresin-2 (MaR-2) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and controls, and to assess their ability to differentiate PsA from RA. This prospective cross-sectional study included 88 patients undergoing knee arthrocentesis for joint effusion between September 2025 and February 2026. RA was classified according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria, PsA using CASPAR criteria, and OA based on clinical and radiographic assessment. Synovial fluid MaR-1 and MaR-2 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and expressed as ng/mL. Group comparisons were performed using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests as appropriate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of MaR-1 and MaR-2 for distinguishing PsA from RA, including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off values. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association between MaR-1 levels and PsA. Significant intergroup differences were observed for age, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and synovial MaR-1 concentrations (all p <?0.01). MaR-1 levels were significantly higher in PsA than RA ( p <?0.01), whereas MaR-2 showed more modest differences among groups ( p <?0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory performance of MaR-1 for differentiating PsA from RA, with an AUC of 0.815 (95% CI, 0.675–0.933). A cut-off value of 3.252?ng/mL provided 68.2% sensitivity and 86.4% specificity. Higher MaR-1 levels were significantly associated with PsA in unadjusted logistic regression analysis (OR?=?1.62, 95% CI 1.18–2.22; p =?0.003). MaR-1 and MaR-2 levels were moderately positively correlated (Spearman’s r =?0.620, p <?0.001). Synovial MaR-1 concentrations were markedly elevated in PsA compared with RA and demonstrated good diagnostic discrimination, supporting the potential role of pro-resolving mediators as biomarkers in inflammatory arthropathies. The clinical significance of MaR-2 appears more limited and requires validation in larger studies.

Introduction:
Inflammation is a tightly regulated biological process essential for host defense and tissue repair; however, failure of resolution mechanisms can lead to persistent inflammation, progressive tissue damage, and chronic disease ( 1 ). Emerging evidence indicates that chronic inflammatory conditions are not solely driven by excessive activation of pro-inflammatory pathways but also by impaired endogenous programs responsible for terminating inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis ( 2 , 3 ). This paradigm shift…

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