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Research Article: Epidemiological patterns and risk profiling of hospital acquired venous thromboembolism in a tertiary medical center in eastern China: a retrospective cohort study (2023–2024)

Date Published: 2026-07-01

Abstract:
To investigate the epidemiological patterns, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of hospital acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) in a multi-campus medical center over a two-year period. A retrospective analysis were performed on patients diagnosed with HA-VTE at a tertiary medical center from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024. Parameters potentially affecting the occurrence of HA-VTE were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. The comparison group for risk factor analysis comprised all hospitalized patients without VTE during the same period. A total of 393 inpatients met the criteria for HA-VTE. Among these, 308 presented with isolated hospital acquired deep vein thrombosis (HA-DVT), 61 with isolated hospital acquired pulmonary embolism (HA-PE), and 24 with concomitant HA-DVT and HA-PE. Risk factor analyses showed statistically higher incidence in patients with older age, malignancy, trauma, ICU stay, and major surgery. Patients with HA-VTE had longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates. The departments with the highest incidence rate were Neurosurgery, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and Orthopedics. This study highlights a strong association between specific surgical clusters (prolonged mechanical ventilation, central venous access, and major orthopedic/neurosurgical procedures) and HA-VTE incidence. The interplay of endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulability underscores the need for tailored prophylaxis strategies. Patients with death related to venous embolism have the characteristics of advanced age, multiple comorbidities, more iatrogenic interventions, and inadequate infection control. Clinicians need to strengthen VTE risk assessment and stratified management, with particular attention to postoperative, infected, and critically ill patients, to reduce mortality.

Introduction:
Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE), encompassing hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and hospital-acquired pulmonary embolism (PE), continues to be a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients worldwide ( 1 ). Despite advances in preventive measures, HA-VTE remains a critical patient safety issue, contributing to extended hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and mortality rates as high as 30% in untreated cases. Current epidemiological data,…

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