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Research Article: Association of uric acid, HDL-C, and homocysteine with coronary artery disease and stenosis

Date Published: 2026-07-20

Abstract:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Identifying reliable and non-invasive biochemical markers that reflect CHD severity may improve early diagnosis and risk stratification. This study investigated the associations of homocysteine (Hcy), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and uric acid (UA) with CHD severity, and evaluated the diagnostic value of their combined detection. A total of 100 participants undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled, including 58 patients with CHD and 42 controls. Serum Hcy, HDL-C, and UA were measured, and coronary stenosis burden was quantified using the Gensini score. Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of Gensini score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and reclassification indices—including net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and ? AUC—were used to assess diagnostic performance. Best subset regression evaluated biomarker selection. Hcy, UA, and HDL-C were significantly altered in CHD patients compared with controls (all p <?0.001). Gensini scores were positively correlated with Hcy (r?=?0.314), UA (r?=?0.307), Scr (r?=?0.411), NT-proBNP (r?=?0.294), and fasting glucose (r?=?0.252), but negatively correlated with HDL-C (r?=?–0.324; all p <?0.01). In multivariable models, adding Hcy, UA, and HDL-C to clinical predictors increased the explained variance of the Gensini score from 31% to 48% (Model 2 R 2 =?0.48, p <?0.001). Individually, Hcy showed the highest diagnostic value (AUC?=?0.794), followed by HDL-C (AUC?=?0.767) and UA (AUC?=?0.749). The combined biomarker model achieved the highest discriminative performance (AUC?=?0.803; sensitivity 69.8%, specificity 74.2%). Reclassification metrics demonstrated modest improvement with the combined model (NRI?=?0.24, IDI?=?0.065, ? AUC?=?0.084; all p <?0.01). Best subset regression and BIC criteria consistently supported Hcy, UA, and HDL-C as optimal predictors. Serum Hcy, UA, and HDL-C are significantly associated with both the presence and severity of CHD. Their combined detection provides a modest improvement in diagnostic accuracy and improves risk stratification beyond traditional clinical variables. These biomarkers may aid early assessment of coronary stenosis burden.

Introduction:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Identifying reliable and non-invasive biochemical markers that reflect CHD severity may improve early diagnosis and risk stratification. This study investigated the associations of homocysteine (Hcy), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and uric acid (UA) with CHD severity, and evaluated the diagnostic value of their combined detection.

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