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Research Article: Comparative analysis of myocardial strain parameters in acute decompensated heart failure phenotypes: a cross-sectional study

Date Published: 2026-07-09

Abstract:
To investigate the differences in two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) parameters among patients with different types of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and their correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Ninety-eight patients hospitalized due to ADHF were included in this study. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on their LVEF using a cutoff of ?49%: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and 2D-STE. Compared to the HFrEF group,the HFpEF group showed significantly higher absolute values of GLSA4C, GLSA2C, GLSA3C, and LV-GLS values ( P <?0.05), as well as higher absolute values of LASR-ED, LASRD-ED, LASRT-ED, RVFWSL, and RV4CSL values ( P <?0.05). The HFrEF subgroup had higher LAFI and LASI values compared to the HFpEF group ( P <?0.05). In the HFrEF subgroup, LVEF was negatively correlated with GLSA4C, GLSA2C, GLSA3C, LV-GLS, RVFWSL, RV4CSL, LASr-ED, LASrct-ED, as well as LAFI and LASI ( P <?0.05). However, LVEF was positively correlated with LASrcd-ED ( P <?0.05). In the HFpEF subgroup, LVEF was negatively correlated only with GLSA4C, GLSA2C, GLSA3C and LV-GLS ( P <?0.05). After controlling for related variables (LVEF), the correlations between LV-GLS and LASr-ED, LASrcd-ED, and LASrct-ED remained significant in both groups of heart failure patients ( P <?0.05). In HFrEF patients, the correlations between RVFWSL and LASr-ED, LASrcd-ED, and LASrct-ED disappeared ( P >?0.05). In HFpEF patients, RVFWSL was negatively correlated with LASr-ED ( P <?0.05), positively correlated with LASrct-ED ( P <?0.05), but its correlation with LASrcd-ED disappeared ( P >?0.05). Significant differences exist in 2D-STE parameters between the HFrEF and HFpEF groups, and LVEF correlates with these parameters. After adjusting for LVEF, LV-GLS remains correlated with various parameters in different heart failure groups. Our findings suggest a stronger interdependence between right ventricular and left atrial mechanics in HFpEF patients compared to HFrEF patients, evidenced by the persistence of correlations between RV free wall strain and LA reservoir/pump strain after adjusting for LVEF.

Introduction:
Acute Decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is characterized by symptoms and signs such as dyspnea, exercise intolerance, palpitations, pre-syncope, peripheral edema, abdominal distension, early satiety, and fatigue ( 1 , 2 ). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ADHF remain incompletely understood, leading to limited treatment options. Echocardiography is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Among its parameters, ejection fraction (EF) is widely used to assess cardiac…

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