Research Article: The influence of C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) on the prognosis of heart failure patients with different ejection fractions
Abstract:
The C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) is a novel biomarker integrating inflammation and insulin resistance. Its prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum remains unclear.
Patients were categorized into low- and high-CTI groups based on a restricted cubic spline-derived cutoff. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare survival, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between CTI and all-cause mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and subgroup analyses were performed.
A total of 1,130 patients with CHF were included. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with elevated CTI levels had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with lower CTI levels. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis further confirmed that CTI levels were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that elevated CTI levels were associated with higher all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).
CTI is an independent prognostic marker for all-cause mortality in patients with CHF across different EF subtypes and may serve as a useful risk stratification biomarker.
Introduction:
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that exhibits significant heterogeneity. This terminal stage of cardiovascular diseases has emerged as a significant public health challenge in China and on a global scale, attributable to its high incidence and mortality rates. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the global prevalence of heart failure more than doubled from 25.43 million cases in 1990 to 55.5 million cases in 2021 ( 1 ). Concurrently, China has also witnessed a substantial surge in…
Read more