Research Article: Clinical and inflammatory changes following routine scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes: a prospective observational cohort study
Abstract:
To prospectively observe changes in periodontal clinical outcomes and local and blood-derived inflammatory markers among patients with periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes following routine scaling and root planing (SRP).
This prospective observational cohort study consecutively enrolled patients with periodontitis and classified them according to pre-existing diabetes status. SRP was provided as part of routine clinical care and was not assigned or modified by the investigators; no untreated concurrent comparison group was included. Periodontal clinical parameters, gingival crevicular fluid levels of TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-10, and peripheral blood-derived NLR and SII were assessed at baseline and approximately 3 months. HbA1c was additionally evaluated as an exploratory outcome in participants with diabetes.
At 3 months, PD, BI, and PLI were significantly lower than baseline in both groups ( P < 0.05), whereas CAL did not change significantly. BI remained higher in the diabetes-associated periodontitis group than in the non-diabetic periodontitis group ( P = 0.039). Gingival crevicular fluid TNF-? decreased significantly in both groups ( P < 0.001) but remained higher in the diabetes-associated periodontitis group at 3 months ( P < 0.001). IL-1? did not change significantly in either group. IL-10 increased significantly in the non-diabetic periodontitis group ( P < 0.05), whereas the increase in the diabetes-associated periodontitis group was not significant. NLR and SII decreased significantly in both groups, with no significant between-group differences at baseline, 3 months, or in the magnitude of change. In participants with diabetes, HbA1c showed a non-significant numerical decrease from 8.37 ± 1.03% to 8.07 ± 1.06% ( P = 0.081).
Among patients receiving routine SRP, periodontal clinical parameters and selected inflammatory markers improved over the 3-month follow-up in both groups. Participants with diabetes had higher residual local inflammation at 3 months, reflected by higher BI and gingival crevicular fluid TNF-? levels, whereas no significant between-group differences in changes in blood-derived inflammatory indices were detected. HbA1c decreased numerically but not significantly; therefore, no conclusion regarding improved glycemic control can be drawn.
Introduction:
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease initiated by dental plaque biofilm and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. It is one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults. According to data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, severe periodontitis affects about 11% of the world’s population. It remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases and has been recognized by the World Health Organization as an important public health problem ( 1 – 3 ). The pathogenesis of…
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